3.21 - Bhagavad Gita - Chapter 3, Verse 21

In Bhagavad Gita 3.21, Krishna underscores a fundamental truth about human society: the powerful influence of example. The verse states, “Whatever action a great man performs, common men follow. Whatever standards he sets by exemplary acts, all the world pursues.” This succinct line conveys an insight into the psychology of society—how people look up to those they consider superior, whether in wisdom, conduct, or achievement, and naturally tend to imitate their actions and adopt their values.

The context of this verse is Krishna’s ongoing guidance to Arjuna, who faces a personal crisis on the battlefield. Krishna has already emphasized the importance of performing one’s duties, not for personal gain, but as an act of responsibility and as a means of instructing others by example. In this verse, Krishna takes the argument further by highlighting the ripple effect leaders have on society. When someone distinguished or respected upholds a particular standard or behavioral code, it becomes a reference point for the rest of the community.

This principle operates both consciously and unconsciously. People observe others—especially those they look up to—picking up cues on how to think, act, and even frame their ambitions. Role models can be drawn from any walk of life: a saint, a statesperson, a celebrity, a parent, or a teacher. Their influence is so profound that even their smallest actions can become trends, setting the tone for what is considered acceptable or admirable within a culture.

Krishna’s counsel has special urgency on the battleground. If Arjuna, a famed warrior and leader, refuses to perform his duty at a moment of crisis, his conduct will set a precedent for others. It may signal that it is permissible to withdraw from challenging responsibilities or abandon duty when difficulties arise. This single act, if left unchecked, could gradually undermine the collective sense of duty and resilience in society, leading to a breakdown of order and purpose.

The idea is not merely that the actions of leaders matter, but that every person, by virtue of their position or character, holds a degree of influence. This means that leaders, teachers, parents, and anyone who is observed by others bear an inherent responsibility. Their choices echo beyond their immediate circumstances, potentially guiding or misguiding countless others who may follow their example, sometimes unthinkingly.

What is especially striking about Krishna’s teaching in this verse is its universal application. It is not confined to formal positions of power or celebrity. The “great man” or “superior person” can be anyone who is looked up to within any group or context. This might mean a senior worker in a team, an elder in a family, or a peer among friends. Wherever there is visibility and respect, there is influence—and with it, responsibility.

Through this verse, Krishna is making Arjuna, and all readers, reflect on the far-reaching implications of their actions. The standards set by those considered wise or worthy do not remain personal; they become templates for community behavior. This understanding is central to dharma—the right way of living—for it places the focus not just on individual action, but on its impact on the greater good. Krishna’s words invite everyone to act with awareness, recognizing the silent yet powerful ways in which their conduct shapes the world.

Ultimately, Bhagavad Gita 3.21 is a profound reminder that every action has the potential to inspire or mislead. It exhorts all, especially those in positions of influence, to act with integrity and purpose, for their lives become silent instructions for others to follow. The world often learns not from precepts but from the lived practice of those it admires. In this way, Krishna’s teaching extends much beyond Arjuna’s immediate dilemma, offering timeless guidance on the formation of character and the stewardship of values in society.